Nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco leaves, has led to the widespread use of
tobacco, with over one billion smokers globally. This article provides a historical overview of …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the
nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune …

Purpose The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may initiate cytokine cascades and …

Studies are needed to identify useful biomarkers to assess the severity and prognosis of
COVID‐19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV …

Introduction Available evidence is mixed concerning associations between smoking status
and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and …

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping devices started as a potential aid for
cessation and reducing the harmful consequences of cigarette smoking, mainly in the adult …

Background There is a lot of misinformation about a potential protective role of nicotine
against COVID-19 spread on Twitter despite significant evidence to the contrary. We need to …

COVID-19 pandemic is a cause of global concern and is impacting lives and economy
globally. Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 leads to varied clinical manifestations, which can vary …

The relationship between the use of tobacco products and SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly
understood and controversial. Few studies have examined the effect of electronic cigarettes …