The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

Neurobiologists have long sought to understand how circuits in the nervous system are
organized to generate the precise neural outputs that underlie particular behaviours. The …

Single-cell RNA sequencing data can unveil the molecular diversity of cell types. Cell type
atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been …

To understand the cellular basis of behavior, it is necessary to know the cell types that exist
in the nervous system and their contributions to function. Spinal networks are essential for …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep consists of a dreaming state in which there is activation of
the cortical and hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG), rapid eye movements, and loss …

When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in
muscles, joints and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal …

Little is known about the organizational and functional connectivity of the corticospinal (CS)
circuits that are essential for voluntary movement. Here, we map the connectivity between …

Mammalian motor programs are controlled by networks of spinal interneurons that set the
rhythm and intensity of motor neuron firing. Motor neurons have long been known to receive …

Mammalian motor behavior is enabled by a hierarchy of interleaved circuit modules
constructed by interneurons in the spinal cord, sensory feedback loops, and bilateral …

The spinal cord of vertebrate animals is comprised of intrinsic circuits that are capable of
sensing the environment and generating complex motor behaviors. There are two major …