The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide
(NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of …

Intense research has been conducted in an effort to identify specific biological markers of
schizophrenia. The gas nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signaling molecules …

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, contributes to the
pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oxidative neurodegeneration is a key mediator …

Background Inflammation-activated glia are seen in many CNS pathologies and may kill
neurons through the release of cytotoxic mediators, such as nitric oxide from inducible NO …

An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants has been postulated to lead to oxidative
damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oxidative neurodegeneration is a key mediator of …

As a response to central nervous system injury, astrocytes become reactive. Two cellular
hallmarks of reactive gliosis are hypertrophy of astrocyte processes and upregulation of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in mammalian cells through enzymic and non‐
enzymic mechanisms. Although some ROS production pathways are needed for specific …

Oxidative stress plays a major role in cerebral ammonia toxicity and the pathogenesis of
hepatic encephalopathy (HE). As shown in this study, ammonia induces a rapid RNA …

Background: Oxidative stress has been indicated as a mechanism of secondary neuronal
injury in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nitrotyrosine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be an …

Caspase‐3 has classically been defined as the main executioner of programmed cell death.
However, recent data supports the participation of this protease in non‐apoptotic cellular …