Symbiotic associations between mammals and fungi have been well documented and are
widely regarded as vital to ecosystem functions around the world. Symbioses between birds …

A prevailing paradigm in forest ecology is that wood‐boring beetles facilitate wood decay
and carbon cycling, but empirical tests have yielded mixed results. We experimentally …

Primary cavity excavators, such as woodpeckers, are ecosystem engineers in many
systems. Associations between cavity excavators and fungi have long been hypothesized to …

Abstract The Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius L.) is both an ecosystem engineer and
an umbrella species: it has the capacity to modify its environment through cavity excavation …

Aquatic fungi drive important ecosystem processes, which may be affected by anthropogenic
stressors, including changes in water quality. However, due to the great diversity of aquatic …

Tree-cavity excavators such as woodpeckers are ecosystem engineers that have potentially
complex but poorly documented associations with wood decay fungi. Fungi facilitate cavity …

Fungi and Aves are present in all ecosystems and interact with a variety of organisms. The
purpose of this study was to compile and analyze in the literature the mycophagy and …

Ambrosia beetles farm symbiotic ambrosia fungi in wood. Ambrosia fungi generally belong
to Ascomycota, rely upon beetles for dispersal, reproduce asexually, are poor saprotrophic …

Globally, tree-holes are important ecological component of forest and woodlands. Numerous
microorganisms rely on cavities, both natural and those excavated by primary cavity nesting …

Standing dead trees may be a limited resource for woodpeckers in managed forests,
especially for species that rely on dead wood for their nest or roost cavity, and as foraging …