The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to …

Self-maintaining resident macrophages populate all mammalian organs. In addition to their
role as immune sentinels, macrophages perform day-to-day functions essential to tissue …

The immune system responds to cancer in two main ways. First, there are prewired
responses involving myeloid cells, innate lymphocytes and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily is encoded by 33 genes and includes
TGFβ, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins. Although TGFβ is well recognized …

The cytokine TGF-β plays an integral role in regulating immune responses. TGF-β has
pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in the regulation of effector and …

Recent advances have provided substantial insight into the maintenance of mucosal
immunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular programs …

A fundamental question in developmental immunology is how bipotential thymocyte
precursors generate both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell lineages. The MHC …