The improper disposal of by-products from the agri-food industry raises global economic
concerns. Therefore, proper management, development, and optimization of promising …

The cacao pod husk (shell), serves as the tough outer layer of the cacao pod, and this by-
product of cacao processing is typically disposed of once the cacao beans have been …

The effect of various treatments on the production of reducing sugar and biobutanol from
cocoa pod husk (CPH) through depectination, delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and …

A novel pretreatment using organic acid synergism with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was
developed to the co-production of oligosaccharides, especially for the functional …

Using lignocellulosic materials as a feedstock to produce ethanol is an alternative to cleaner
energy production. The pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis steps play a role in breaking …

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is
performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod …

Oil spills on the seawater happened along the last decade needs to be addressed to prevent
marine ecosystem destruction. The challenges encourage researchers to develop high …

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during
biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study …

Currently, the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from lignocelluloses by chelating
system hydrolysis has not been investigated. Herein, iron (III) chloride/sodium citrate (IC/SC) …

Previous reports showed that there has been a continuous increase in the annual
production of onion in Indonesia, and it is inversely proportional to the market price. The …