Highlights•The need for enhancing bioremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals is
revealed.•The role of PGPR phytoremediation is beneficial for plant tolerance and soil …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as salinity, drought, metal toxicity,
extreme temperature, air pollutants, ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation, pesticides, and pathogen …

Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential
metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry …

Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic metal originating from natural processes and
anthropogenic activities such as the iron-steel, electroplating, and leather industries, which …

This review summarizes the findings of the most recent studies, published from 2000 to
2016, which focus on the biogeochemical behavior of Cd in soil-plant systems and its impact …

Population densities and freshwater resources are not evenly distributed worldwide. This
has forced farmers to use wastewater for the irrigation of food crops. This practice presents …

Heavy metal contamination of the environment through anthropogenic activities and/or
natural processes is a widespread and serious problem. Heavy metals occur in various …

Anthropologic activities have transformed global biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by
emitting considerable quantities of these metals into the atmosphere from diverse sources …