The presence of two dedicated phagocytic cells working cooperatively represents an
advantageous innate immune strategy that allows the efficient and safe utilization of …

Tularemia is a zoonosis of humans caused by infection with the facultative intracellular
bacterium Francisella tularensis. Interest in F. tularensis has increased markedly in the past …

Initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurs in the lung-
draining mediastinal lymph node and requires transport of M. tuberculosis by migratory …

Salmonella typhimurium is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen, but its
intracellular location in vivo has not been demonstrated conclusively. Here we describe the …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious gram-negative coccobacillus that causes the
zoonosis tularemia. This bacterial pathogen causes a plague-like disease in humans after …

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic bacterium whose virulence is linked to its ability to
replicate within the host cell cytosol. Entry into the macrophage cytosol activates a host …

The importance of T helper type 1 (Th1) cell immunity in host resistance to the intracellular
bacterium Francisella tularensis is well established. However, the relative roles of interleukin …

Evidence showing that neutrophils play a protective role in the host response to infection by
different intracellular parasites has been published in the past few years. We assessed this …

This study examined the role of neutrophil leukocytes for the antibacterial defense at
mucosal infection sites. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was established by injection into the …

The facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent and
contagious organism, and little is known about its intracellular survival mechanisms. We …