The aim of this paper was to review the current state of research for top of rail friction
modifiers (TORFM). In the railway industry, friction modifiers is a catch all term for a wide …

Rail transportation is regarded as a reliable, quick, and secure mode of transportation. The
wheel-rail contact interaction is crucial to the railway operation since it is responsible for …

Twin disc tests were employed to assess rail grease formulation effect on friction, wear, and
retentivity to propose guidelines for grease selection based on key aspects of grease …

Tests have been carried out to assess the performance of ten different grease types used as
curve lubricants. All greases tested have been designed for wayside flange lubrication and …

Using greases offers numerous advantages to the railroad system, which include the
lifespan extension of wheels and rails, fuel consumption decrease, and the reduction of the …

Twin disc instruments are an essential tool for evaluating third body materials in the
wheel/rail interface. Twin disc testing results (from two different scale instruments) were …

Wheel-rail contact is a crucial component in the successful operation of railways. Effective
management of the contact is therefore a very important aspect of rail infrastructure …

Friction forces (often referred to as adhesion or traction forces) at the wheel/rail interface can
vary dramatically due to changing environmental and contact conditions. The causes of this …

Trackside lubricators are designed to deliver grease to passing wheel flanges to reduce
wheel and rail wear on curves. Ensuring that they are set up to deliver sufficient grease for …

A test to evaluate the tackiness of grease has been developed using a standard tribometer.
There is currently no standard test of tackiness. A preliminary study determined the test …