There is a growing consensus that the ability to understand and process visual information
should be part of the second language (L2) listening construct; however, the findings of …

Background Variations in the skill profiles of learners have become an important research
area in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical research on this topic in Japan …

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing research interest in examining the
effects of video-based second language (L2) listening tests. However, these studies have …

This study aimed to compare item characteristics and response time between stimulus
conditions in computer-delivered listening tests. Listening materials had three variants …

The increasing use of computer-based mode in language testing raises concern over its
similarities with and differences from paper-based format. The present study aimed to …

The present study conceptually replicates and extends Suvorov's (2015) investigation of
visual information and viewing behavior, examining the relationship between foreign …

Interactive videos, which can be defined as videos with questions that are directly
embedded in the video playback at certain intervals, are believed to provide a number of …