Nutrition is essential for human growth, particularly in newborns and children. An optimal
growth needs a correct diet, in order to ensure an adequate intake of macronutrients and …

Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate
metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid …

Background Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are
essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in …

Background: Previous guidelines on Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition (PN) were published in
2010, by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition …

Background Parenteral nutrition (PN) is prescribed for preterm infants until nutrition needs
are met via the enteral route, but unanswered questions remain regarding PN best practices …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common severe complication of
preterm birth, and nutrition plays a crucial role in lung growth and repair. A practical …

Several guidance documents support best practices across the stages of the parenteral
nutrition (PN) use process to optimize patient safety. The critical step of PN order verification …

Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low
gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this …

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure (IF) in children. The
preferred treatment for IF is parenteral nutrition which may be required until adulthood. The …

Copper is an essential micronutrient for humans. A cross-sectional and comparative study
was done to assess serum Cu levels and serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio and its association …