Given the crucial role of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs in handling nutrient
assimilation and metabolism, it has long been known that its communication with the brain is …

The central and peripheral nervous systems play critical roles in regulating pancreatic islet
function and glucose metabolism. Over the last century, in vitro and in vivo studies along …

Food is a powerful natural reinforcer that guides feeding decisions. The vagus nerve
conveys internal sensory information from the gut to the brain about nutritional value; …

Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia,
with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for …

Chemogenetics is an approach for engineering proteins to enable their modulation by
otherwise inert small molecules. Although kinases, enzymes and ion channels have been …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and disabling mental
disorders, and current strategies remain inadequate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells …

Interoception plays an important role in homeostatic regulation of energy intake and
metabolism. Major interoceptive pathways include gut-to-brain and adipose tissue-to brain …

Due to its pivotal role in autonomic networks, the vagus attracts continuous interest from both
basic scientists and clinicians. In particular, recent advances in vagus nerve stimulation …

The communication between the gut and brain is crucial for regulating various essential
physiological functions, such as energy balance, fluid homeostasis, immune response, and …

Background Serotonin is an important signaling molecule that regulates secretory and
sensory functions in the gut. Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to affect serotonin …