Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder in which repeated drug exposure
compromises brain neuroplasticity. Brain areas normally involved in learning and goal …

In this review, a hypothesis is proposed to explain the beneficial effect of an enriched
environment (EE) on the conditioned fear reaction (CFR) from the perspective of a functional …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been used to investigate behavioral changes and
neuroplasticity in brain in normal and pathological conditions. Besides, the EE has been …

Early environments critically impact the development of many organisms. Exposure to
varying maternal care behaviors and environmental enrichments can cause persisting …

Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors are highly distributed in the hippocampus, which plays a
vital role in memory processes. However, how THs are involved in the different stages of …

Objectives: This study aimed to understand whether an enriched environment (EE) in
adulthood benefits in mitigating the early life stress-induced changes in the structure and …

Individual animals cope with stress in different ways. This article looks at neurobiological
models for different styles of coping with stress, and how understanding an individual's …

Since its inception, the global community has been marred by insecurities about the
intentions of other states, which led to states creating intelligence agencies to engage in …

The regulatory role of neurotrophins (NTs) in neuronal cell processes such as survival,
differentiation, and maintenance of functions, has been well-established (Levi-Montalcini …

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are examples of disabling psychiatric conditions caused
by both genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have …