Motor learning encompasses a wide range of phenomena, ranging from relatively low-level
mechanisms for maintaining calibration of our movements, to making high-level cognitive …

After more than a century of work concentrating on the motor functions of the basal ganglia,
new ideas have emerged, suggesting that the basal ganglia also have major functions in …

The stimulation of deep brain structures has thus far only been possible with invasive
methods. Transcranial electrical temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel …

The basal ganglia are known to influence action selection and modulation of movement
vigor, but whether and how they contribute to specifying the kinematics of learned motor …

Chunking allows the brain to efficiently organize memories and actions. Although basal
ganglia circuits have been implicated in action chunking, little is known about how individual …

Progressive loss of the ascending dopaminergic projection in the basal ganglia is a
fundamental pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. Studies in animals and humans …

Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that
performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one …

Bradykinesia is the most important feature contributing to motor difficulties in Parkinson's
disease (PD). However, the pathophysiology underlying bradykinesia is not fully …

The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain, and it expanded
dramatically during primate evolution. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a …

Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet
imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to …