Various environmental stressors, such as extreme temperatures (hot and cold), pathogens,
predators and insufficient food, can threaten life. Remarkable progress has recently been …

Thermogenesis, the production of heat energy, is the specific, neurally regulated, metabolic
function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and contributes to the maintenance of body …

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an anatomic and functional interface between the
forebrain and the lower brainstem and has a major role in integrated behavioral responses …

Actual or potentially threatening stimuli in the external environment (ie, psychological
stressors) trigger highly coordinated defensive behavioral responses that are accompanied …

Thermogenesis, the production of heat energy, is an essential component of the homeostatic
repertoire to maintain body temperature during the challenge of low environmental …

Thermogenesis, the production of heat energy, in brown adipose tissue is a significant
component of the homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature during the challenge …

The central autonomic network includes the insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex,
amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the solitary …

In mammals, many types of psychological stressors elicit a variety of sympathoexcitatory
responses paralleling the classic fight-or-flight response to a threat to survival, including …

The midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) contains four longitudinal columns, referred to as
the dorsomedial (dmPAG), dorsolateral (dlPAG), lateral (lPAG) and ventrolateral (vlPAG) …

Abstract The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue …