Cell proliferation only proceeds when metabolism is capable of providing a budget of
metabolic intermediates that is adequate to ensure both energy regeneration and the …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels,
providing a dynamic interface between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous …

Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug
delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either …

Deployment of drug-eluting stents instead of bare-metal stents has dramatically reduced
restenosis rates, but rates of very late stent thrombosis (> 1 year postimplantation) have …

We present and discuss the role of endothelial and astroglial cells in managing the blood-
brain barrier (BBB) and aspects of pathological alterations in the BBB. The impact of …

The tight junction is a multi-protein complex and is the apical most junctional complex in
certain epithelial and endothelial cells. A great deal of attention has been devoted to the …

ZO (zonula occludens) proteins are scaffolding proteins providing the structural basis for the
assembly of multiprotein complexes at the cytoplasmic surface of intercellular junctions. In …

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM s) are vascular malformations located within the
central nervous system often resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Pharmacological treatment is …

Cell adhesion is a key regulator of cell differentiation. Cell interactions with neighboring cells
and the extracellular matrix regulate gene expression, cell proliferation, polarity and …

Adhesive intercellular junctions between endothelial cells are formed by tight junctions and
adherens junctions. In addition to promoting cell-to-cell adhesion, these structures regulate …