New finds in the palaeoanthropological and genomic records have changed our view of the
origins of modern human ancestry. Here we review our current understanding of how the …

Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of
molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics …

Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population
history and relationship to modern humans 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, but the social organization of …

Neanderthals and Denisovans are extinct groups of hominins that separated from each
other more than 390,000 years ago,. Here we present the genome of 'Denisova 11', a bone …

BACKGROUND The earliest fossils of Homo sapiens are located in Africa and dated to the
late Middle Pleistocene. At some point later, modern humans dispersed into Asia and …

Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages
exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins …

Abstract The Altai region of Siberia was inhabited for parts of the Pleistocene by at least two
groups of archaic hominins—Denisovans and Neanderthals. Denisova Cave, uniquely …

Although it has previously been shown that Neanderthals contributed DNA to modern
humans,, not much is known about the genetic diversity of Neanderthals or the relationship …

Abstract Denisova Cave in the Siberian Altai (Russia) is a key site for understanding the
complex relationships between hominin groups that inhabited Eurasia in the Middle and …

In Western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is associated with the
disappearance of Neandertals and the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) …