Interest in studying cognitive ecology has moved the field of animal cognition into the wild.
Animals face many challenges such as finding food and other resources, avoiding and …

Cultural innovations, such as tools and other technical articles useful for survival, imply that
creativity is an outcome of evolution. However, the existence of purely ornamental items …

Cognitive performance varies widely across animal species, but the processes underlying
cognitive evolution remain poorly known. For cognitive abilities to evolve, performance must …

Animals exhibit considerable and consistent among-individual variation in cognitive abilities,
even within a population. Recent studies have attempted to address this variation using …

The ability to flexibly adjust behaviour to social and non-social challenges is important for
successfully navigating variable environments. Social competence, ie adaptive behavioural …

Invasive species are a global conservation problem that have an enormous economic cost.
Understanding the attributes of invasive species and what makes them successful at …

Simple Summary Environmental enrichment is extremely important for an individual's neural,
cognitive and behavioral development. Emerging animal models, such as teleost fish, may …

Cognition has evolved to allow organisms to process, use and store information in their
natural environment. Yet, cognitive abilities are traditionally measured in controlled …

A major focus of research in behavioural ecology involves testing whether behaviour, on
average, is adaptive. Here, we note that although studies often find that individuals differ in …

Highlights•Animal cognition traditionally studies in the lab.•Lab studies cannot address
many ecological and evolutionary questions.•Field studies provide opportunities to study …