The development of digital technologies has led to the emergence of new business models
benefiting consumers in their searching, shopping and communicating activities. However, it …

In order to address “wicked problems”, complex, multi-level governance structures must be
established. These structures in turn require sophisticated systems of controls over public …

In order to facilitate national competition authorities (NCAs) in their application of EU
competition rules, the EU legislator adopted Directive 2019/1/EU. The Directive's aim is to …

Where OLAF's composite enforcement procedures results in violations of the fundamental
rights of the person concerned, OLAF's legal framework, and those national legal …

This chapter answers the question whether OLAF's composite enforcement procedures
result in violations of the fundamental rights of the person concerned? To answer this …

The OECD Network of Economic Regulators (NER) is a transnational network of national
regulatory agencies of infrastructure industries, or utilities: energy, telecommunications …

Administrative law enforcement constitutes–just as criminal enforcement–a form of public
law enforcement. Differently from criminal enforcement, in administrative enforcement …

The article is an attempt to analyse to what extent a close cooperation between competition
authorities belonging to the European Competition Network is based on the mutual trust …

Civil aviation has expanded in recent years, and the sector's greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions have grown rapidly, which accounts for 2-3 percent of global CO2 emissions. The …

The book presents a comprehensive overview of international cooperation between the
European National Competition Authorities (NCAs). It consists of fourteen contributions …