Human stampedes have been identified as a major hazard that could occur during
pedestrian evacuations around the world. This paper establishes an extended floor field …

This paper proposes an extended floor field cellular automaton (FFCA) model for evacuation
simulations, which integrates the natural step length into pedestrian movement. The model …

Human safety in crowded environments has been recognized as an important and rapidly
growing research area due to its significant implications for public safety. In this study, a …

Crowds in public spaces such as subway station are generally composed by diverse types
of pedestrians with various motion features and behavior preferences. This paper aims to …

Pedestrian flow through narrow exits is one the most important features of crowd dynamics
and evacuation. This is a particularly important aspect of pedestrian simulation models in …

Passengers' safety against unexpected incidents such as rail stations' fire accidents is
essential in the safety field. The presence of luggage with passengers occupies extra space …

Fire accidents usually cause large casualties. In this paper, a fire evacuation model based
on the dynamic coupling of FDS and CA, which dynamically couples disaster data and …

As a common phenomenon, overtaking behaviour is frequently observed on pedestrian flow,
which not only reshapes pedestrian flow but also generates adverse impacts on pedestrian …

A pedestrian's visual field constantly changes as they move around a room containing
structural components or large furniture, which can block the pedestrian from perceiving …

In this paper, we propose a modification of cellular automata models by introducing the local
density field and the hesitation time cost to study the effect of pedestrian judgement of the …