Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Radioiodine (131I) therapy of benign thyroid diseases was introduced 70 yr ago, and the
patients treated since then are probably numbered in the millions. Fifty to 90% of …

Stroke, the most prevalent cerebrovascular disease, causes serious loss of neurological
function and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in …

Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential
factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to …

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) protects against neuronal damages in
the brain. In the present study, ischemia‐induced changes in GLP‐1R immunoreactivity in …

Luteolin (3′, 4′, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is an important member of the flavonoid family. It
exhibits strongly anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and phytoestrogen-like activities. In the …

Turmeric is a source of numerous aromatic compounds isolated from powdered rhizomes of
Curcuma longa Linn. The constituents are present as volatile oil, the Curcuma oil (C. oil) …

Background Among the naturally occurring compounds, turmeric from the dried rhizome of
the plant Curcuma longa has long been used extensively as a condiment and a household …

Microglia and blood‐borne macrophages in injured or diseased brains are difficult to
distinguish because they share many common characteristics. However, the identification of …

Objectives: It has been shown that hypothyroidism-induced oxidative damage in brain tissue
is involved in its adverse effects on learning and memory. Nigella sativa (N. sativa) has been …