Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with
severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps …

The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2~ 21 kPa) and its ultimate
distribution within mitochondria (as low as~ 0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended …

Dysregulated extravillous trophoblast invasion and proliferation are known to increase the
risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the underlying mechanism remains …

During the process of implantation, the embryo first attaches to the uterine epithelium and
then invades the underlying stroma, resulting in the transformation of the stroma into a …

The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation
potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell …

Abstract Good Cell and Tissue Culture Practice (GCCP) 2.0 is an updated guidance
document from GCCP 1.0 (published by ECVAM in 2005), which was developed for practical …

Development of the human placenta takes place in contrasting oxygen concentrations at
different stages of gestation, from~ 20 mmHg during the first trimester rising to~ 60 mmHg at …

BACKGROUND Despite advances in ART, implantation and pregnancy rates per embryo
transfer still remain low. IVF laboratories strive to ensure that the process of handling …

Mammalian sperm, the only cells that achieve their purpose outside their organism of origin,
have to swim vigorously within the female reproductive tract to reach an oocyte. Flagellar …

The accumulation of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere enabled metabolic pathways based
on high‐energy electron transfers that were capable of sustaining complex multicellular …