Amino acid pre-activation is a critical reaction step during solid phase peptide synthesis due
in part to the formation of impurities such as isomer, N, N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide-adduct …

For industrial reactions, cooling requirements must be carefully determined to prevent
thermal runaway, while product yields are also important for economic analysis. In this work …

In this work, various calorimetric and analytical techniques were implemented to identify
reaction pathways and safety issues associated with the 2-octanol to 2-octanone two liquid …

Solid phase peptide synthesis is a widely used technique for the production of medicinal
peptides, particularly when using unnatural amino acids. In such processes, when the …

The N-oxidation of tertiary amines is an industrially important reaction, with the product
having applications as surfactants, biocides, and emulsifiers. Currently, most processes for …

Electrostatic ignition has triggered significant fire/explosion incidents in liquid processing
industries including chemical, oil/gas, food, pharmaceutical and transportation. In this work …

Fire/explosion due to ammonium nitrate (AN) decomposition poses significant safety
hazards which are exacerbated in the presence of salts including potassium chloride (KCl) …

The homogeneous phosphotungstic acid catalyzed N‐oxidation of alkylpyridines by
hydrogen peroxide has important applications in pharmaceutical and fine chemical …

In order to scale-up highly exothermic reactions for industrial use within the process
industries, cooling requirements for these reactions must be determined so as to prevent …

Process safety groups in the pharmaceutical industry are important components of active
pharmaceutical ingredient development through its life cycle, from discovery to commercial …