Major abiotic stress factors such as salt and drought adversely affect important physiological
processes and biochemical mechanisms and cause severe loss in crop productivity …

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant
development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has evolved as a
signaling hormone in many physiological processes in animals. In plants it has been …

Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane
transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research …

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates key processes relevant to seed germination, plant
development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Abiotic stress conditions such as …

Salinity is one of the most challenging problems that adversely affects growth and
development of plants. Plants adopt various strategies to overcome the adverse effects of …

Abiotic stressors, such as drought, heavy metals, and high salinity, are causing huge crop
losses worldwide. These abiotic stressors are expected to become more extreme, less …

Various data indicate that nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signal in plants that mediates
responses to several stimuli. Experimental evidence in support of such signalling roles for …

A decade-long investigation of nitric oxide (NO) functions in plants has led to its
characterization as a biological mediator involved in key physiological processes. Despite …

Research in recent years on the biology of guard cells has shown that these specialized
cells integrate both extra-and intra-cellular signals in the control of stomatal apertures …