Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.
Insulin resistance in target tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from …

The inability of pancreatic β-cells to make sufficient insulin to control blood sugar is a central
feature of the aetiology of most forms of diabetes. In this review we focus on the deleterious …

During the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), β cells are exposed to significant stress
and, therefore, require adaptive responses to survive. The adaptive mechanisms that can …

Perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis can evoke stress responses
leading to aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism. ER dysfunction is linked to inflammatory …

Cancer constitutes a grave problem nowadays in view of the fact that it has become one of
the main causes of death worldwide. Poor clinical prognosis is presumably due to cancer …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia in
the context of insulin resistance, which precedes insulin deficiency as a result of β-cell …

Protein synthesis is increased by several-fold in stimulated pancreatic beta cells. Synthesis
and folding of (pro) insulin takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and beta cells …

To maintain copious insulin granule stores in the face of ongoing metabolic demand,
pancreatic beta cells must produce large quantities of proinsulin, the insulin precursor …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for many housekeeping functions within the
cell and is an important site for pathways that regulates its state of homeostasis. When …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an elaborate organelle that is essential for cellular
function and survival. Conditions that interfere with ER functioning can lead to the …