Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …

Itaconate is one of the best examples of the consequences of metabolic reprogramming
during immunity. It is made by diverting aconitate away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle …

A striking change has happened in the field of immunology whereby specific metabolic
processes have been shown to be a critical determinant of immune cell activation. Multiple …

Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies
develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and …

It is generally regarded that the progression of an infection within host macrophages is the
consequence of a failed immune response. However, recent appreciation of macrophage …

Metabolism in immune cells is no longer thought of as merely a process for adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production, biosynthesis, and catabolism. The reprogramming of …

Following detection of bacteria, macrophages switch their metabolism from oxidative
respiration through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to high-rate aerobic glycolysis. This …

Itaconate has been recently recognized as an anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in the
pathogen–macrophage interface. Due to its weak electrophilicity, itaconate could modify …

Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic
pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general …

Synthetic biology offers the opportunity to build solutions for improved capture and
conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) that outcompete those evolved by nature. Here we …