Demanded as an essential trace element that supports cell growth and basic functions, iron
can be harmful and cancerogenic though. By exchanging between its different oxidized …

Small molecule drug discovery has been propelled by the continual development of novel
scientific methodologies to occasion therapeutic advances. Although established …

Metabolism is one of the strongest drivers of interkingdom interactions—including those
between microorganisms and their multicellular hosts. Traditionally thought to fuel energy …

Sudden cardiac death, arising from abnormal electrical conduction, occurs frequently in
patients with coronary heart disease. Myocardial ischemia simultaneously induces …

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiomyopathy is a disease
characterized by the heart muscle damage, resulting heart in a structurally and functionally …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a global public health challenge due to the high incidence
and lack of effective therapeutics. Evidence from animal studies and ALD patients has …

Iron is necessary for the survival of almost all aerobic organisms. In the mammalian host,
iron is a required cofactor for the assembly of functional iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration contributes largely to pathoanatomical and
degenerative changes of spinal structure that increase the risk of low back pain. Apoptosis in …

Abstract Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand of the type 4
melanocortin receptor (MC4R), a critical regulator of appetite. However, it remains unknown …

Chronic (neuro) inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous
system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular …