The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system
that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a …

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and often fatal cardiopulmonary condition
characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, structural changes in the pulmonary …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease characterized by various degrees of
pulmonary vasoconstriction and progressive fibroproliferative remodeling and inflammation …

Substantial progress has been made in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH) in the past 25 years, but the disease remains life-limiting. Established therapies for …

The right ventricle and its stress response is perhaps the most important arbiter of survival in
patients with pulmonary hypertension of many causes. The physiology of the …

Abstract Apelin and Elabela (Ela) are peptides encoded by APLN and APELA, respectively,
which act on their receptor APJ and play crucial roles in the body. Recent research has …

The apelin/apelin receptor (ApelinR) signal transduction pathway exerts essential biological
roles, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Disturbances in the apelin/ApelinR axis are …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While
registries have demonstrated that women are more susceptible to the disease, females with …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disorder leading to
pulmonary hypertension and, often fatal, right heart failure. Sex differences in PAH are …

Background COVID-19, the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, can
damage the heart and lead to heart failure (HF) and even cardiac death. The 2', 5' …