Gene duplications and their subsequent divergence play an important part in the evolution
of novel gene functions. Several models for the emergence, maintenance and evolution of …

Macroevolutionary trends traditionally are studied by fossil analysis, comparative
morphology or evo-devo approaches. With the availability of genome sequences and …

Comparison of whole genomes has revealed large and frequent changes in the size of gene
families. These changes occur because of high rates of both gene gain (via duplication) and …

Organismal development and many cell biological processes are organized in a modular
fashion, where regulatory molecules form groups with many interactions within a group and …

Gene duplication provides resources for novel gene functions. Identification of the amino
acids responsible for functional conservation and divergence of duplicated genes will …

The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family is instrumental not only regulating plant growth
and development but fine-tuning plant response to environmental hazards. Despite the …

Members of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family participate in the synthesis of a series of
secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. The metabolites play important roles in …

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the pivotal enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the
phenylpropanoid pathway leading to flavonoids. Herein, we identified twenty-seven OsCHS …

Phylogenies are increasingly prominent across all of biology, especially as DNA sequencing
makes more and more trees available. However, their utility is compromised by widespread …

Due to the selection pressure imposed by highly variable environmental conditions, stress
sensing and regulatory response mechanisms in plants are expected to evolve rapidly. One …