Accurate recognition and quantification of pain in horses is imperative for adequate pain
management. The past decade has seen a much needed surge in formal development of …

Opioid analgesics have been the foundation of human pain management for centuries, and
their value in animals has increased since Yoxall 1 proposed that it was the veterinarian's …

Background The assessment of pain is critical for the welfare of horses, in particular when
pain is induced by common management procedures such as castration. Existing pain …

Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic
review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a …

The risks associated with equine anesthesia are well known to any professional involved in
equine medical care. It has been repeatedly shown that general anesthesia in horses has …

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the use of analgesics, describe the
attitudes of Brazilian veterinarians towards pain relief in horses and cattle and evaluate the …

Balanced anesthesia was first introduced in human anesthesia by incorporating local
anesthetic techniques used to provide analgesia with volatile anesthetics used at the time …

Reasons for performing study Buprenorphine, a μ‐agonist opioid, has recently been
licensed for equine use, but butorphanol, a κ‐agonist opioid, is more commonly used in …

Reasons for performing study: To determine the sedative, analgesic and anaesthetic drugs
and techniques that are used by equine veterinarians. Hypothesis or objectives: To provide …

Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare
and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that …