The continuously improving sophistication of molecular engineering techniques gives
access to novel classes of bio-therapeutics and new challenges for their production in full …

Although several expression systems are currently available for the production of
recombinant proteins, they still have some inherent disadvantages, thereby resulting in the …

Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and
memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine …

Background Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis, being a cause of congenital disease
and abortion in animals and humans. DNA vaccination as a promising vaccine remains a …

Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over injectable conventional vaccines, such as
the induction of adaptive immunity, with secretory IgA production at the entry site of most …

In the past when large investments have been made in tackling narrow scientific challenges,
the enormous expansion in our knowledge in one small area has had a spill-over effect on …

The well-established safety profile of the tuberculosis vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis
bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), makes it an attractive vehicle for heterologous expression of …

More than decades have already elapsed since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was
identified as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The HIV …

Vaccines save millions of lives each year from various life-threatening infectious diseases,
and there are more than 20 vaccines currently licensed for human use worldwide. Moreover …

There are approximately 37 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1
(HIV-1) worldwide, with less than half, only 17 million people receiving anti-retroviral therapy …