Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

Galectins are a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins that have crucial roles in a
broad range of physiological and pathological processes. As a group, these proteins use …

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers.
However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive …

Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They
regulate self-/non-self-discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface
of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor …

Owing to a lack of response to the anti-PD1 therapy for most cancer patients, we develop a
network approach to infer genes, pathways, and potential therapeutic combinations that are …

The critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and development has
been well-recognized after more than a century of studies. Numerous therapeutic …

Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune
response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily …

The first studies suggesting that abnormal expression of galectins is associated with cancer
were published more than 30 years ago. Today, the role of galectins in cancer is relatively …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. The PD-1/PD-L1
pathway plays a crucial role in modulating immune response to cancer, and PD-L1 …