Measurements at the single-entity level provide more precise diagnosis and understanding
of basic biological and chemical processes. Recent advances in the chemical measurement …

This review introduces the recent advances in the nanopore sensing platform, ion channel
probes (ICPs), with a particular focus on the different probe design (2011–2022). The use of …

Biological nanopores provide a unique single-molecule sensing platform to detect target
molecules based on their specific electrical signatures. The γ-hemolysin (γ-HL) protein …

DNA triplex participates in delivering site-specific epigenetic modifications critical for the
regulation of gene expression. Among these marks, 5mC with 8oG functions …

The human genome is constantly threatened by endogenous and environmental DNA
damaging agents that can induce a variety of chemically modified DNA lesions including 8 …

The α‐hemolysin nanopore has attracted much attention as a tool for the single‐molecule
analysis of DNA due to its potential as an ultra‐sensitive, specific, and label‐free sensing …

In DNA, guanine oxidation yields diastereomers of 5-guanidinohydantoin (Gh) as one of the
major products. In nucleosides and single-stranded DNA, Gh is in a pH-dependent …

Base modifications play an essential role in cellular function, and the abnormal expressions
of base modifications are associated with numerous diseases. Unfortunately, existing …

Members of a new class of macrocyclic compounds, benzo [6] urils bearing hydroxymethyl
or methyl groups, have been synthesized under mild conditions in high yields. These …

The use of ion channel proteins has emerged in different applications to understand the
dynamics of many biological processes and characterize or detect biomolecules. As such …