Although the existing literature identifies a fuel levy imposed by means of a global
agreement as the most efficient policy for carbon pricing in the maritime sector, scholars and …

We consider the effects of a maritime bunker levy on ship-owner profits, trade, and
emissions. Standard and augmented gravity models are employed using data from 2016 to …

The consortium of Ricardo, E3Modelling and Trinomics were commissioned to carry out a
study to support the European Commission in the assessment of possible options to develop …

Many academics and policymakers agree that implicit tax subsidies for maritime fuels—
which are currently granted around the world—are inefficient, but that their abolishment …

Este estudo visa explorar o papel desempenhado pela Organização para a Cooperação e
Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) na formulação e implementação de políticas …

Several countries with large end-consumer markets for timber have the declared objective of
supporting forest sustainability around the globe, but the world's most important forests are …

When a producer manufactures a polluting product that is demanded by a consumer, who is
causing that pollution? The producer, the consumer, or both? And if the state then imposes …

Merenkulku on maailman kaupan kannalta hyvin merkittävässä asemassa. Viime aikoina on
keskustelu merirahdin asettamisesta EU ETS: n alaiseksi, mikä aiheuttaisi suuria muutoksia …

There currently exists a strong international norm against the unilateral carbon pricing of
international aviation if the countries retain the carbon pricing revenue for themselves. When …

The shipping industry is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions, so finding
sustainable and low-carbon alternative fuels is crucial to reducing its environmental impact …