▪ Abstract Lentic freshwater habitats in temperate regions exist along a gradient from small
ephemeral ponds to large permanent lakes. This environmental continuum is a useful axis …

My objective here is to provide a comprehensive review of recent empirical and theoretical
work on antipredator decision making. The ways in which predators influence the behavioral …

Many organisms can adjust to a changing environment by developing alternative
phenotypes that improve their fitness. Our understanding of phenotypic plasticity is largely …

Animal behaviour is often influenced by conflicting demands (eg Belovsky 1981; Travers &
Sih 1991). Among many potential trade-offs influencing l'oraging behaviour, the conflict …

Increased activity rates in larval anurans rates are associated with both higher growth rates
and higher predation mortality. Models of adaptive foraging behavior in the face of predation …

Studies of phenotypic plasticity frequently ask how organisms respond to a change in their
environment, but most organisms do not experience single environmental changes …

Predator-induced defenses are well studied in plants and invertebrate animals, but have
only recently been recognized in vertebrates. Gray treefrog (Hylachrysoscelis) tadpoles …

The phenotypes of gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) tadpoles vary depending on whether
predators are present in the pond. Tadpoles reared in ponds with predatory dragonfly larvae …

The hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is maintained by divergent natural selection acting
across different environments predicts that populations and species exposed to highly …

The hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is an adaptation to environmental variation rests on
the two assumptions that plasticity improves the performance of individuals that possess it …