Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

Near-surface warming in the Arctic has been almost twice as large as the global average
over recent decades,,,,—a phenomenon that is known as the 'Arctic amplification'. The …

The atmospheric northward energy transport plays a crucial role for the Arctic climate; this
transport brings to the Arctic an amount of energy comparable to that provided directly by the …

Arctic winter, spring and autumn surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies and associated
sea level pressure (SLP) fields have decidedly different spatial patterns at the beginning of …

In situ atmospheric observations in the central Arctic are few and mostly from near the
surface. A majority are from coastal regions whereas soundings over the Arctic Ocean are …

We contrast recent climatic and environmental changes and their causes in the Arctic and
the Antarctic. There are continuing increases in surface temperatures, losses of sea ice and …

The widespread decrease in mountain snowpack across the Western United States is a
hallmark indicator of regional climate change. Observed decreases in snowpack across …

The Link between the North Pacific Climate Variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation via
Downstream Propagation of Synoptic Waves in: Journal of Climate Volume 28 Issue 10 (2015) …

The polar regions have experienced some remarkable environmental changes in recent
decades, such as the Antarctic ozone hole, the loss of large amounts of sea ice from the …