Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and
pathological immune-mediated processes. Specifically, it has been recognized as an …

(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, complex, and demyelinating disease
closely associated with altered levels of trace elements. Although the first studies into the …

Background Admittedly, little is known about the epidemiological signatures of familial
multiple sclerosis (FMS) in different geographical regions of Iran. Objective To determine the …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that impacts over 300,000
individuals in the US alone. Depending on the severity of the injury, SCI can lead to varying …

Background Previous studies have shown that CD134 (OX40) co-stimulation is involved in
the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models and the …

Method: The first generic fingolimod efficacy and safety data of patients followed-up in 29
different clinical multiple sclerosis units in Turkey were analyzed retrospectively. Data …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disorder, affects the central
nervous system via myelin degradation. The cause of MS is not fully known, but during …

This article deals with metabolic-immune processes at rest and under stress conditions,
which, in turn, results in the development of immune-dependent and immune-associated …

Introduction: To describe the clinical and socio-demographic profiles of the patients with the
progressive onset Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and to explore the determinants of disability …

Merkezi sinir sisteminin kronik immün hastalıklarından biri olan Multipl Skleroz (MS), yaşam
boyu sürmek ile beraber birçok fiziksel ve bilişsel ve vestibüler engellere yol açabilmektedir …