Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly
present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune …

Spermatogenesis is a multi-step biological process where mitotically active diploid (2n)
spermatogonia differentiate into haploid (n) spermatozoa via regulated meiotic …

Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired
infections in the lung alveoli in children and the elderly. Alveolar macrophages (AM) patrol …

Tissue-resident macrophages contribute to the organogenesis of many tissues. Growth of
the prostate is regulated by androgens during puberty, yet androgens are considered …

The pituitary gland is the central endocrine regulatory organ producing and releasing
hormones that coordinate major body functions. The physical location of the pituitary gland …

Testicular macrophages (TM) are critical for the function of the testis by regulating
homeostasis and inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms by which TM fulfil …

The testis is a unique environment where immune responses are suppressed to allow the
development of sperm that possess autoimmunogenic antigens. There are several …

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) was defined in the early 1970s as a family of
cells including progenitors, monocytes in the circulation, and resident tissue macrophages …

Introduction Growing concerns regarding the reproductive toxicity associated with daily life
exposure to micro-/nano-plastics (abbreviated as MNPs) have become increasingly …

Throughout the individual's reproductive period of life the ovary undergoes continues
changes, including cyclic processes of cell death, tissue regeneration, proliferation, and …