Opinion statement Metformin is a first-line drug in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its
main molecular mechanism involves the activation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate …

The intake of dietary protein regulates growth, metabolism, fecundity and lifespan across
various species, which makes amino acid (AA)-sensing vital for adaptation to the nutritional …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), as a serious central nervous system disease, can result in
severe neurological dysfunction or even disability and death of patients. The early and …

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders that result from
impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). As neuromuscular tissues are highly energy …

The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still a challenge
that demands the development of effective new drugs. Phenformin has been shown to …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide, and sorafenib
is a first-line drug for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Resistance to sorafenib has …

Skeletal muscle relies on mitochondria to produce energy and support its metabolic
flexibility. The function of the mitochondrial pool is regulated by quality control (MQC) …

Background Metformin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, has shown several promising
effects for cancer treatment. These effects have been shown to be mediated by dual …

Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its
safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying …

Objectives: Sestrin2 is an essential regulator of the cellular adaptive response against
various stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical in maintaining normal cardiac …