Contact with the carceral state—ranging from police stops to prison time—is a frequent
experience in the United States, particularly in communities marginalized on the basis of …

Contemporary American policing has routinized involuntary police contacts with young
people through frequent, sometimes intrusive investigative stops. Personal experience with …

An underlying premise of democratic politics is that protest can be an effective form of civic
engagement that shapes policy changes desired by marginalized groups. But it is not certain …

This paper presents new causal estimates of incarceration's effect on voting, using
administrative data on criminal sentencing and voter turnout. I use the random case …

African Americans are nearly three times as likely to be killed by police as whites. This paper
examines whether this racial disparity is due in part to racial differences in the circumstances …

How does racial diversity impact institutional outcomes and (in) equality? Discussions about
diversity usually focus on how individuals' identities shape their behavior, but diversity is a …

A large economic literature studies whether racial disparities in policing are explained by
animus or by beliefs about group crime rates. But what if these beliefs are incorrect? We …

Abstract In the United States the police kill about three people per day. This figure places the
US among the countries with highest levels of lethality by law enforcement officials. The …

An underlying premise of democratic politics is that protest can be an effective form of civic
engagement that shapes policy changes desired by marginalized groups. But it is not certain …

An argument that has gained prominence recently is that race is/will no longer be a
significant factor in explaining any Black-White gaps. The argument is that in the post-Civil …