The emergence of empirical approaches to L2 pronunciation research and teaching is a
powerful fourth wave in the history of the field. Authored by two leading proponents of …

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are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always …

Based on evidence that listeners may favor certain foreign accents over others (Gass &
Varonis, 1984; Major, Fitzmaurice, Bunta, & Balasubramanian, 2002; Tauroza & Luk, 1997) …

The scoring process is critical in the validation of tests that rely on constructed responses.
Documenting that readers carry out the scoring in ways consistent with the construct and …

This chapter reviews research findings on listener background characteristics that influence
evaluations of L2 accented speech, and discusses how these findings may affect both …

Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics provide comprehensive overviews of the key
topics in applied linguistics. All entries for the handbooks are specially commissioned and …

Local Language Testing: Design, Implementation, and Development describes the
language testing practice that exists in the intermediate space between large-scale …

This article investigates the effect of explicit individual corrective feedback (ICF) on L2
pronunciation at the micro-level in order to determine whether ICF needs to complement …

Researchers and practitioners sometimes presume that using a previously “validated”
instrument will produce “valid” scores; however, contemporary views of validity suggest that …

As a result of the fact that judgments of non-native speech are closely tied to social biases,
oral proficiency ratings are susceptible to error because of rater background and social …