The application of coal-based reduction in the efficient recovery of iron from refractory iron-
bearing resources is comprehensively reviewed. Currently, the development and …

The global annual production of steel is approximately 2 billion tons, accounting for 8% of
the world's energy demand and 7% of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in the energy sector …

The utilization of hydrogen (H 2) instead of natural gas (NG) in high-temperature industries
has the potential to significantly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. To obtain …

The presence of zinc in byproduct dust produced during steel production poses a challenge
to resource management and can have adverse environmental effects. This study …

A hybrid model of the rotary hearth furnace was developed by integrating a limited number
of operational data and first-principle knowledge of the process. The digital transformation …

Glass furnaces represent a continuous challenge for CFD simulations, which is attributed to
the complex description of multiple phases: the turbulent gas phase, raw materials from a …

The roller hearth furnace is numerically investigated to analyze and optimize its
performance. It is essential to apply the temperature control model and the material transport …

This paper presents the modeling and identification of a walking-beam-type slab reheating
furnace in one of the biggest Iron and Steel Industry in Turkey. Firstly, the dynamical model …

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a hazardous waste by-product generated during the
process of electric furnace steelmaking, which is rich in valuable metal elements. In order to …

The requirement of improving efficiency and performance leads to the continuous
development of furnaces and burners. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a model …