Salt-induced weathering is a common phenomenon in stone relics, and its traditional
artificial evaluation of severity is greatly affected by subjective consciousness and lacks …

Water plays a vital role in the deterioration and conservation of built and rock-hewn heritage
and it is generally agreed that climate change is significantly changing the environmental …

Capillarity has an important effect on the durability of buildings, and the capillary absorption
coefficient is a key parameter to describe the strength of material capillarity. Most of the …

Cavernous weathering forms have long been studied and discussed as enigmas in
geomorphology. Recently, their evolution has been shown to be controlled by moisture …

Numerous cretaceous sandstone grottoes in Longdong area have been suffering from
serious weathering, and the weathering is proceeding at a considerable rate, resulting in …

Climate variables including temperature, rainfall intensity, rainfall acidity, and lithological
properties are among the most important factors affecting rock weathering. However, the …

Cavernous weathering (honeycombs, tafoni) is a common weathering feature of both natural
and artificial exposures. Honeycombs are known from various environments but are best …

Honeycomb weathering is a common phenomenon found on various rock surfaces all
around the world. However, honeycomb formation mechanisms are still poorly understood …

Salts play a pivotal role in the processes forming tafoni and honeycombs but only few
studies have focused on their areal and depth distribution. An X-ray diffraction, rock …

Surface geomorphological processes and the decay of heritage buildings are amplified by
rock weathering, which mostly either requires water or is augmented by its presence …