Introduction: To determine the effect of ovarian hormones on smoking, we conducted a
systematic review of menstrual cycle effects on smoking (ie, ad lib smoking, smoking …

The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of
endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior …

Background: Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal
mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be …

Withdrawal-based theories of addiction hypothesize that motivation to reinstate drug use
following acute abstinence is mediated by withdrawal symptoms. Experimental tests of this …

Background: Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) smoke at higher rates than other adults
and experience HIV-related and non-HIV–related adverse smoking consequences. This …

Background: Previous research suggests that females may be more motivated to smoke for
negative reinforcement (NR) than males. However, it remains unclear whether gender …

Recent scholarly attention has focused on explicating the nature of tobacco use among
anxiety-vulnerable smokers. Anxiety sensitivity (fear of aversive internal anxiety states) is a …

Introduction Second generation electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also known as
e-cigarettes, vaporizers or vape pens) are designed for a customized nicotine delivery …

This review was conducted with the following goals: To quantify the severity of mood and
anxiety symptoms emerging during acute abstinence from tobacco (1). To explore sex …

Background Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in the United
States, with< 5% of quit attempts being successful. Microglia activation and proinflammatory …