Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor
proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety …

Efforts to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration have
primarily focussed on the role of mitochondria in neuronal energy metabolism. However …

Aims/hypothesis Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological defect in type 2 diabetes
and obesity. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have provided evidence that …

The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in
the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided …

Hepatic steatosis is a major etiological factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but factors
causing lipid accumulation leading to HCC are not understood. We identify BNIP3 (a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced mitophagy is associated with a variety of diseases.
Therefore, visualizing and modulating the process of ROS‐induced mitophagy is essential …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most critical pathological factor in the
development of low back pain. The maintenance of nucleus pulposus (NP) cell and …

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a dynamic balance of protein synthesis and
degradation. Because of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and the massive transfer of …

Background Muscle atrophy is a common consequence of the loss of innervation and is
accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitophagy is the adaptive process through …

Background Long COVID is a debilitating chronic condition that has affected over 100
million people globally. It is characterized by a diverse array of symptoms, including fatigue …