Cocoa bean shells (CBS) are one of the main by-products from the transformation of cocoa
beans, representing 10%‒17% of the total cocoa bean weight. Hence, their disposal could …

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungal origin and contaminate agricultural
commodities before or under post-harvest conditions. They are mainly produced by fungi in …

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds that have adverse effects on humans,
animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses. The worldwide …

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi. As it
can contaminate a wide variety of foodstuffs, maximum permitted levels have been …

Coffee is grown in more than 80 countries as a cash crop and consumed worldwide as a
beverage and food additive. It is susceptible to fungal infection during growth, processing …

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites present in agricultural commodities and produced by
certain fungi with adverse acute and chronic effects such as genotoxicity and carcinogenicity …

Ochratoxins are polyketide derived fungal secondary metabolites with nephrotoxic,
immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Ochratoxin-producing fungi …

Mycotoxins are small toxic chemical products formed as the secondary metabolites by fungi
that readily contaminate foods with toxins in the field or after harvest. The presence of …

Defatting of groundnut flour used for composite development can not only improve
nutritional quality of its products but also the storage stability. Maize, groundnut and their …

The history of cocoa and chocolate including the birth and the expansion of the chocolate
industry was described. Recent developments in the industry and cocoa economy were …