Smart cities are increasingly part of urban sustainability discourses. There is a growing
interest in understanding how citizen engagement, connected technology, and data …

Executive summary Increases in global mean surface temperature are projected to result in
continued permafrost degradation and coastal degradation (high confidence), increased …

Scholars and practitioners are increasingly promoting so-called nature-based approaches
for urban climate change adaptation. There is widespread consensus that they both support …

Circular development could produce more resource efficient, ecologically regenerative and
resilient cities. This development pathway offers many ecological, social and economic …

Sustainable innovation has been widely acknowledged as the key driver for societal
transitions towards sustainability. Recently, there have been widespread calls to mainstream …

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are being promoted as adaptive measures against predicted
increasing hydrometeorological hazards (HMHs), such as heatwaves and floods which have …

Increasing climate change impacts are a major threat to sustainable urban development,
and challenge current governance structures, including actors' responsibilities for dealing …

Cities are gaining prominence committing to respond to the threat of climate change, eg, by
developing local climate plans or strategies. However, little is known regarding the …

By using a scale framework, we examine how cross-scale interactions influence the
implementation of climate adaptation and mitigation actions in different urban sectors. Based …

Unprecedented global challenges demand wide-reaching societal modification to ensure
life support functions and human well-being. In the absence of adequate international …