Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of
disability. While there continues to be expansive research in posttraumatic stress disorder …

Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

The microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a role in anxiety, the stress response and social
development, and is of growing interest in neuropsychiatric conditions. The gut microbiota …

Background Anxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders,
with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are …

Uncertainty about a possible future threat disrupts our ability to avoid it or to mitigate its
negative impact and thus results in anxiety. Here, we focus the broad literature on the …

The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry The new edition of the world-renowned
reference guide on the use of medications for patients presenting with mental health …

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that
coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a …

Fear extinction is a phenomenon that involves a gradual reduction in conditioned fear
responses through repeated exposure to fear-inducing cues. Functional brain connectivity …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …