In the recent technology development, fuel cell has been widely used in many applications,
including transportation and industry. Platinum catalysts are used to catalyst the reaction at …

Enhanced interstitial diffusion in tin is a phenomenon often observed during ion-beam
irradiation and in lead-free solders. For the latter, this not very well understood, strain-driven …

Spontaneous metallic Pb whisker formation from Pb and Bi containing Al-alloy's surfaces is
a newly discovered phenomenon. The whiskers display unique formations, growth and …

Electroless and electroplated single-layer Ni and multilayer Ni/Pd/Au were used as surface
finishing materials for automobile device substrates. When the samples were placed in a …

Annealing is a process that could improve the tensile properties of material while eliminating
internal residual stress created during cold drawing process. This study aimed to investigate …

Local surface variations from a completely level plane are referred to as topography. It is
well known that the bulk characteristics of a material are significantly influenced by the …