What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that
consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief …

What is introspection? According to William James ([1890] 1981, 85),“The word
'introspection'need hardly be defined—it means, of course, the looking into our own minds …

Reading Sartre is no easy task. Although much of his substantial oeuvre is characterised by
a brisk lucidity, his philosophical writings tend to involve dense, entangled, abstruse …

What is the role of consciousness in our introspective lives? In this chapter, I will focus on the
role of conscious judgment in giving us access to our standing beliefs. The view I will defend …

How do we know what we believe? Gilbert Ryle is often credited with the view that we know
what we believe in much the same way that we know what others believe: namely, by …

According to a doctrine that I call “Cartesianism”, knowledge–at least the sort of knowledge
that inquirers possess–requires having a reason for belief that is reflectively accessible as …

When you believe something for a good reason, your belief is in a position to be justified,
rational, responsible, or to count as knowledge. But what is the nature of this thing that can …

When you have a conscious experience—such as feeling pain, watching the sunset, or
thinking about your loved ones—are you aware of the experience as your own, even when …

An opaque urn contains a great many balls. You don't know precisely how many, but you do
know that there are dozens, and that each ball is either completely black or completely …

Turning the techniques we use to understand other people onto ourselves can provide an
insight into the types of self-knowledge that may be possible for us. Adopting Pluralistic Folk …